Kwiminyaka ye-1940, abakhi bezakhiwo baseJamani bafumanisa ukuba iimpawu zokuzincamathela kunye ne-airtight ye-asphalt ye-membrane yokukhusela amanzi kunye nokugquma izinto zokukhusela amanzi kubangele ukuba umswakama oseleyo kwisakhiwo sekhonkrithi uvalwe kwisakhiwo, kwaye umphunga wamanzi kwisakhiwo sekhonkrithi awukwazanga ukukhutshwa. . Ngenxa yoko, ukungunda kukhula eluphahleni nasezindongeni, kwaye umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nempilo yabantu zisengozini kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ishishini lokwakha laseJamani laqala ukusebenzisa iicushion zophahla ezinokungena emoyeni ukuze zithathe indawo yeembrane ezizincamathelisayo kunye neengubo zokuthintela amanzi. Lo mqamelo wokungena emoyeni ubekwe phezu komgangatho wesiseko sophahla ukuvumela ukuba umphunga wamanzi wepaneli yophahla lwekhonkrithi ephonsiweyo ukuba ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza. Phuma, ngaloo ndlela unqanda ukuzala kokungunda.
Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi yembali ngelo xesha, ukuqonda kwabantu ukwakha ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwakunganelanga. Ngokuqhambuka kwengxaki yamandla ehlabathi ngeminyaka yoo-1970, amazwe aseYurophu nawaseMelika anikel’ ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kumba wokwakha ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Iingcali zamandla ziye zafumanisa ukuba nangona olu hlobo lwe-cushion ephefumulayo luvumela ukuba umphunga wamanzi we-cast-in-place uphahla lwekhonkrithi lukhutshwe kwaye lusombulule ngokufanelekileyo iingxaki zokufuma kunye nokungunda, umthamo omkhulu womphunga wamanzi ukhutshwa kwi-insulation layer. kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal ye-insulation material yonakaliswe kakhulu.
Embindini wenkulungwane yama-20, iingcali ezivela kwi-American and Canadian Building Standards Association zafumanisa ukuba ukuxinana komphunga wamanzi kwiindonga zangaphandle kunye nophahla lwezakhiwo kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokugquma izakhiwo kunye nokuqina kolwakhiwo olubiyelweyo, olukhokelela ekubeni ukukhula kokungunda. Oyena nobangela wobumanzi ngamanzi esigaba solwelo kunye nesigaba somphunga samanzi angena kwisakhiwo semvulophu ngoncedo lomoya wangaphandle wesakhiwo. Ukusukela ngoko, ezinye izakhiwo eUnited States ziye zaqalisa ukusebenzisa inwebu ezingangeni manzi, zizibeka ngaphandle komgangatho wokugquma njengenkqubo yokugquma yokwakha ukuqinisa umoya kunye nokuqina kwamanzi kwesakhiwo, kodwa le inwebu engangeni manzi ayiphefumli, kunye nomphunga wokufuma. yesakhiwo semvulophu asikakwazi ukutshabalalisa. Ayikwazi ukusombulula ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yokufuma.
Emva kophando oluqhubekayo lwezenzululwazi kunye nokusebenza, iingcali kushishino lokwakha eJamani naseUnited States ekugqibeleni zafumanisa ukuba umqamelo wophahla onokungena emoyeni watshintshwa waba yinto ephothiweyo engabonakaliyo njengomaleko womqobo womphunga kwisiseko sophahla, ukuze umphunga wamanzi ophahleni lwesamente olufakwe kwisamente wawugcinwe ungaguquki. Inokukhutshwa kwinqanaba elithile, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komphunga wamanzi ukusuka eluphahleni lwekhonkrithi ukuya kwi-insulation layer; usebenzisa i-membrane engangeni manzi ephefumlayo njengenkqubo yokwaleka kwesakhiwo (emva koku kubhekiselwa kuyo njengenwebu engenamanzi ephefumlayo) ukuthintela ukungena kolwelo kunye nesigaba somphunga samanzi ukusuka ngaphandle kwesakhiwo Kwangaxeshanye, ukufuma kwi-insulation layer ikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza. . Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwesithintelo somphunga kunye ne-membrane engenamanzi kunye neyokuphefumulayo yomeleza ukuqina komoya kunye nokuqina kwamanzi kwesakhiwo, isombulula ingxaki yomswakama kunye nokukhusela isikhunta, kwaye ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwe-thermal yesakhiwo esivaliweyo, ngaloo ndlela ufezekise injongo. okonga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ngasekupheleni kwe-1980, isisombululo se-membrane esingangeni manzi kunye nesiphefumulayo sakhuthazwa ngamandla kumazwe athuthukileyo eYurophu nase-United States, kwaye yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo zikawonkewonke. Ukwakhiwa kwe-membrane engenamanzi kunye nokuphefumla kwaziwa ngokuba "yindlu yokuphefumla". I-membrane engangeni manzi kunye nephefumulayo ibekwe kwi-insulation layer ukuze ikhusele ngokufanelekileyo i-insulation layer. Akukho mfuneko yokuthululela ikhonkrithi yamatye ecocekileyo kwi-insulation layer. Ukwenziwa ngokupheleleyo kwesikimu kunciphisa iindleko zokwakha. IJapan, iMalaysia kunye namanye amazwe baye bazisa ngokulandelelana itekhnoloji evela eJamani nase-United States, kwaye baqala ukuveliswa ngobuninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweembrane ezingangeni manzi kunye neziphefumlayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente waseTshayina uye wanikela ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi ekwakhiweni kogcino lwamandla, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuphakanyisweni kwezisombululo zenwebu ezingenamanzi kunye neziphefumlayo kwilizwe lam, kwaye yaqulunqa "iSakhiwo soKwakha iMembrane engenamanzi kunye nokuphefumla", "iPlati yeProfiled Steel. , Uphahla lwePaneli yeSandwich kunye noLwakhiwo lwaNgaphandle lweSakhiwo soDonga" Kunye nezinye ezikhethekileyo
Ixesha lokuthumela: 15-09-21